Long-term Outcome Of Liver Transplantation Research Articles

Transplantace jater pro cholestatická onemocnění

Summary: Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by their progressive nature and limited conservative treatment options. Liver transplantation is the only effective method of treatment for the terminal stage. Before the era of liver transplantation, patients with cholestatic disease had a significantly reduced life expectancy. Liver transplantation is now indicated not only for patients with chronic liver failure or hepatobiliary malignancy, but also for those with reduced quality of life from cholestatic symptoms. Post-transplant care is particularly specific because of the presence of immune-associated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Recurrence of the underlying disease in the liver graft is a common long-term complication that can negatively affect graft survival and overall life expectancy. Despite the risk of recurrence, the long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for cholestatic disease are excellent, achieving longer survival compared to other transplant recipients. Key words: liver transplantation – primary sclerosing cholangitis – primary biliary cholangitis – secondary sclerosing cholangitis – liver sarcoidosis

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for biliary atresia and results of policy changes: over 20 years of follow-up experience.

Biliary atresia (BA) patients develop chronic liver disease after the Kasai operation and are eventually indicated for liver transplantation (LT). The purposes of this study were to analyze long-term outcomes after LT and risk factors that affect complications to reduce graft failure. Overall, 145 pediatric patients who underwent LT between June 1996 and June 2020 after a diagnosis of BA were included. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records and evaluated patient and graft survival, cumulative incidence of complications, risk factors, and the results of policy changes. Patient and graft survival rates in over 20 years were 95.8% and 91.0%, respectively. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease was frequently observed in the early period of immunosuppression within the first 1-2 years after LT. The incidence of cholangitis and rejection steadily increased over time. Weight-to-portal vein size was evaluated as a risk factor for cholangitis and bile duct strictures (OR = 12.82, p = 0.006 and OR = 16.54, p = 0.015, respectively). When evaluated using 2013 as a reference point, the split graft indication was expanded and the group that received LT after 2013 had a significantly lower survival over time compared with that of the group that received LT before 2013 (p = 0.006). This study revealed time differences in prevalence of complications. The evaluation of weight-to-duct or vessel size is a more important factor in considering complications than the graft-to-recipient weight ratio. Survival outcomes may have been altered by a policy change that affects the donor type ratio in transplantation.

Outcomes of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experiences from a Vietnamese center.

Liver transplantation (LT) provides a favorable outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was launched in Vietnam in 2004. In this study, we evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of LT and its risk factors. This retrospective study analyzed HCC patients who underwent LT at Viet Duc University hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2012-03/2022. The following data were gathered: demographics, virus infection, tumor characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child-Pugh and MELD scores, selection criteria, type of LT, complications, 30-day mortality, and disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Fifty four patients were included, the mean age was 55.39 ± 8.46 years. Nearly 90% had hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The median (interquartile range) AFP level was 16.2 (88.7) ng/mL. The average MELD score was 10.57 ± 5.95; the rate of Child-Pugh A and B were 70.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Nearly 40% of the patients were within Milan criteria, brain-dead donor was 83.3%. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis occurred in 0% and 1.9%, respectively; hepatic artery thrombosis 1.9%, biliary leakage 5.6%, and postoperative hemorrhage 3.7%. Ninety-day mortality was 5.6%. Five-year DFS and OS were 79.3% and 81.4%, respectively. MELD score and Child-Pugh score were predictive factors for DFS and OS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score was the only significant factor (p < 0.05). In Vietnam, LT is an effective therapy for HCC with an acceptable complication rate, mortality rate, and good survival outcomes, and should be further encouraged.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus: a comparison with portal vein tumor thrombus

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus: a comparison with portal vein tumor thrombus

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australia and New Zealand

Background and aimsHomozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) causes severe cardiovascular disease from childhood. Conventional drug therapy is usually ineffective; lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is often required. Liver transplantation (LT) can correct the metabolic defect but is considered a treatment of last resort. Newer drugs including lomitapide and evinacumab might reduce the need for apheresis and LT. We sought to determine the long-term outcomes following LT in Australia and New Zealand. MethodsWe analysed demographic, biochemical and clinical data from all patients in Australia and New Zealand who have received LT for homozygous FH, identified from the Australia and New Zealand Liver and Intestinal Transplant Registry. ResultsNine patients (five female; one deceased; seven aged between 3 and 6 years at the time of LT and two aged 22 and 26 years) were identified. Mean follow-up was 14.1 years (range 4–27). Baseline LDL-cholesterol off all treatment was 23 ± 4.1 mmol/L. Mean LDL-cholesterol on medical therapy (including maximal statin therapy in all patients, ezetimibe in three and LA in five) was 11 ± 5.7 mmol/L (p < 0.001). After LT, mean LDL-cholesterol was 2.6 ± 0.9 mmol/L (p = 0.004) with three patients remaining on statin therapy and none on LA. One patient died from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) three years after LT. Two patients required aortic valve replacement, more than 10 years after LT. The remaining six patients were asymptomatic after eight to 21 years of follow-up. No significant adverse events associated with immunosuppression were reported. ConclusionsLT for homozygous FH was highly effective in achieving substantial long-term reduction in LDL-cholesterol concentrations in all nine patients. LT remains an option for severe cases of homozygous FH where drug therapy combined with apheresis is ineffective or unfeasible.

PB1241 ATHN 11: Observational Study of Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation

PB1241 ATHN 11: Observational Study of Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation

Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation for the Management of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Systematic Review.

Liver transplantation is an uncommonly used, controversially debated therapeutic approach for highly selected individuals with neuroendocrine liver metastases. Synthesising evidence regarding outcomes from this approach is crucial to understand its position within the broad neuroendocrine liver metastases armamentarium. In this narrative systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scopus and OVID until 1 July 2021, we summarise and critically appraise the existing literature regarding this modality, with a special focus on long-term outcomes data where possible. Fourteen studies were identified that reported outcomes from the use of liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. No randomised trials were identified. Generally, indications and selection criteria were poorly articulated, with the notable exception of studies using the Milan criteria. The median 5-year overall survival was 65% (ranging from 36% to 97.2%, 11 studies), and the median 10-year overall survival was 50% (ranging from 46.1% to 88.8%, 3 studies). One additional study focussed on treatments and outcomes following post-transplant recurrence. No studies reported outcomes past 10 years. Further follow-up of the largest series with explicit selection criteria will deepen our understanding of the role that transplantation has to play in this setting.

Long-Term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Tumor Thrombus: A Comparison with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus.

Liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) remains controversial. This study analyzed the recurrence and overall survival rates through long-term results after LT in HCC patients with BDTT and compared the results after LT in HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). We performed a retrospective study of 45 patients with PVTT, 16 patients with BDTT, and 11 patients with coexisting PVTT and BDTT among HCC patients who underwent LT at a single center from 1999 to 2020. The HCC recurrence rates were 40.4% at 1 year, 30.3.3% at 2 years, and 27.6% at 3 years in the PVTT group; 66.7%, 53.3%, and 46.7% in the BDTT group; and 22.2%, 22.2%, and 0% in the coexisting group (p = 0.183). Overall patient survival rates were 68.4% at 1 year, 54.3% at 2 years, and 41.7% at 3 years in the PVTT group; 81.3%, 62.5%, and 48.2% in the BDTT group; and 63.6%, 27.3%, and 0% in the coexisting group (p = 0.157). In the multivariate analysis, the pre-transplantation model for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation (MoRAL) score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were found to be independent risk factors for recurrence and survival in all groups. HCC patients with BDTT showed no difference in recurrence and survival compared with HCC patients with PVTT at the long-term follow-up after LT.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis after downstaging

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis after downstaging

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease.

Liver transplantation (LT) is being increasingly performed for alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). It is unclear whether the increasing frequency of LTs in ALD patients has a negative impact on deceased-donor (DDLT) allocation and whether the current policy of 6 months of abstinence before transplantation effectively prevents recidivism after transplantation or improves long-term outcomes. A total of 506 adult LT recipients, including 97 ALD patients, were enrolled. The outcomes of ALD patients were compared with those of non-ALD patients. The 97 ALD patients were further divided into group A (6-month abstinence) and group N (nonabstinence) based on the pretransplant alcohol withdrawal period. The incidence of relapsed drinking and the long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. The prevalence of LT for ALD significantly increased after 2016 (27.0% vs 14.0%; p < 0.01), but the frequency of DDLT for ALD remained unchanged (22.6% vs 34.1%, p = 0.210). After a median follow-up of 56.9 months, patient survival was comparable between the ALD and non-ALD patients (1, 3, and 5 years posttransplant: 87.6%, 84.3%, and 79.5% vs 82.8%, 76.6%, and 72.2%, respectively; p = 0.396). The results were consistent irrespective of the transplant type and disease severity. In ALD patients, 22 of the 70 (31.4%) patients reported relapsed drinking after transplantation, and the prevalence in group A had a higher tendency than that in group N (38.3% vs 17.4%, p = 0.077). Six months of abstinence or nonabstinence did not result in a survival difference, and de novo malignancies were the leading cause of late patient death in ALD patients. LT achieves favorable outcomes for ALD patients. Six months of abstinence pretransplant did not predict the risk of recidivism after transplantation. The high incidence of de novo malignancies in these patients warrants a more comprehensive physical evaluation and better lifestyle modifications to improve long-term outcomes.

Main factors influencing long-term outcomes of liver transplantation in 2022.

Liver transplant (LT) outcomes have markedly improved in the recent decades, even if long-term morbidity and mortality are still considerable. Most of late deaths are independent from graft function and different comorbidities, including complications of metabolic syndrome and de novo neoplasms, seem to play a key role in determining long-term outcomes in LT recipients. This review discusses the main factors associated with late mortality and suggests possible strategies to improve long-term management and follow-up after liver transplantation. In particular, the reduction of drug toxicity, the use of tools to identify high-risk patients, and setting up a multidisciplinary team also for long-term management of LT recipients may further improve survival after liver transplantation.

Preoperative systemic inflammatory response index predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation.

Preoperative inflammatory status plays an important role in the prognosis of malignancy. We sought to explore the value of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers in predicting long-term outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients who underwent LT for HCC in our hospital between January 2010 and June 2020 were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were obtained. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers. The effectiveness of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting outcomes was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. A total of 218 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 53.9 ± 8.5 years. The AUC of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) for overall survival (OS) were 0.741, 0.731, 0.756, 0.746, and 0.749, respectively. Cox proportional hazards model indicated that SIRI > 1.25 was independently associated with low OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.258, P = 0.024]. PLR > 82.15 and SIRI > 0.95 were independently associated with low disease-free survival (HR = 1.492, P = 0.015; and HR = 1.732, P = 0.008, respectively). In the survival analysis, the prognosis of patients with high preoperative SIRI and PLR was significantly worse (P < 0.001). SIRI and PLR were useful prognostic markers for predicting patients with HCC after LT.

Long-term outcome of liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: A French nationwide study over 30 years.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare indication for liver transplantation (LT). The aims of this study were to evaluate long-term survival after LT for AIH and prognostic factors, especially the impact of recurrent AIH (rAIH). A multicentre retrospective nationwide study including all patients aged ≥16 transplanted for AIH in France was conducted. Early deaths and retransplantations (≤6months) were excluded. The study population consisted of 301 patients transplanted from 1987 to 2018. Median age at LT was 43 years (IQR, 29.4-53.8). Median follow-up was 87.0months (IQR, 43.5-168.0). Seventy-four patients (24.6%) developed rAIH. Graft survival was 91%, 79%, 65% at 1, 10 and 20 years respectively. Patient survival was 94%, 84% and 74% at 1, 10 and 20 years respectively. From multivariate Cox regression, factors significantly associated with poorer patient survival were patient age ≥58 years (HR=2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.2; p= 0.005) and occurrence of an infectious episode within the first year after LT (HR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.1; p= 0.018). Risk factors for impaired graft survival were: occurrence of rAIH (HR=2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-5.0; p= 0.001), chronic rejection (HR=2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.1; p= 0.005), biliary (HR=2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4; p= 0.009), vascular (HR=1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.1; p= 0.044) and early septic (HR=2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5; p= 0.006) complications. Our results confirm that survival after LT for AIH is excellent. Disease recurrence and chronic rejection reduce graft survival. The occurrence of an infectious complication during the first year post-LT identifies at-risk patients for graft loss and death.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using grafts from donors with active hepatitis B virus replication: a multicenter cohort study.

Liver grafts from donors with HBV infection contributed to expanding the donor pool under the hepatitis B immunoglobulin and antiviral agents (nucleos(t)ide analogues) in the HBV-endemic area. We report long-term outcomes of liver transplantations (LTs) using grafts from donors with active or chronic HBV infection. Overall, 2,260 LTs performed in 3 major hospitals in Seoul from January 2000 to April 2019 were assessed for inclusion. Twenty-six grafts (1.2%) were obtained from HBsAg (+), HBeAb (+), or HBcAb (+) donors, and recipient outcomes were retrospectively reviewed. Donor and recipient demographics and transplantation outcomes were analyzed. Sixteen deceased donor LTs were performed using active HBsAg (+) grafts. Ten other LTs were sourced from 10 living donors. There was no significant difference in survival in patients who received deceased donor LTs compared with that in those who underwent LT with non-hepatitis virus-infected grafts. Fourteen patients who were followed up for >5 years were stable, and no difference in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence rate was observed 5 years after transplantation between transplants from donors with and those without HBV. Considering long-term outcomes, liver grafts from donors with active HBV replication can be safely used for LT.

Outcome of liver transplantation in hepatic glycogen storage disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Liver transplantation (LT) is the choice of therapeutic option for end-stage hepatic GSD patients; however, reports about the long-term outcome of LT in these patients have remained controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies published until Dec 31, 2021, that investigatedthe long-term outcome of LT in hepatic GSD patients. A literature search in the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE,Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases was performed. 14 studies with 210 patients were included in our analysis. As the results showed, the pooled proportion of GSD patients with complications after liver transplant (e.g., hemorrhagic shock, biliary complications, tacrolimus encephalopathy, chronic hepatitis, hepatic artery thrombosis, hepatic adenoma, sepsis, liver dysfunction, chronic rejection, acute cellular rejection, and CMV infection) was 27.7% (95% CI: 20.42-35.67) without heterogeneity (I2 =24.04%), as calculated by the random-effect model. The pooled proportion of GSD patients with complications related to GSD after LT, including HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma), renal complication, muscle problems, delayed menarche, persistent neutropenia, pneumonitis, renal failure, and hepatic adenoma was 22.2% (95% CI: 7.97-40.01) with high heterogeneity (I2 =82.47%). Subgroup analysis including the age of patients (adult/pediatric), duration of follow-up, and type of donor was conducted to investigate the resources of heterogeneity. According to our investigation and review analysis, most GSD patients showed significant outcome improvement after liver transplantation. Overall, our findings showed an excellent outcome of liver transplantation in GSD patients; however, it needs further investigations to be confirmed.

335.2: Long-term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Using Grafts From Donors With Active Hepatitis B virus Replication: A Multicenter Cohort Study

Background: Liver grafts from donors with hepatitis B infection contributed to expanding the donor pool under the Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and antiviral agents (NA: Nucleos(t)ide analogs) in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area. The purpose of this study is to describe the long-term outcome of liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from donors with active and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: Between January 2000 and April 2019, 2260 liver transplants (LTs) were performed at Seoul National University (SNU) Hospital, SNU Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), and Seoul Metropolitan Government-SNU Boramae Hospital. Twenty-six (1.2%) grafts from donors with HBsAg (+), HBeAb (+), or HBV DNA (+) were classified as active and chronic HBV hepatitis grafts and retrospectively reviewed. The demographics of donors and recipients, as well as the outcomes of transplantation, were analyzed. HBV reactivation has been defined as an increase in viral DNA in HBsAg (+) grafts and seroconversion to HBsAg positive grafts in chronic hepatitis grafts. Additionally, we used the chronic HBV infection stage to evaluate and manage recipients who received HBV-infected grafts. Results: Sixteen LT were performed on deceased donors using active HBsAg (+) grafts. Ten living donor LT were performed using inactive HBV grafts; eight patients with inactive hepatitis; HBsAg (-), HBcAb (+), and HBV DNA (+), and two patients with chronic HBV hepatitis with seroconversion; HBsAg (-), HBsAb (+), and HBeAg (+) (Figure 1). The recipients were aged 59.0 ± 10.3 years and had a MELD score of 19.9 ± 8.4. The mean duration of follow-up was 82.6 ± 60.1 months. Depending on the donor and recipient’s serology, NA and HBIG were administered during the perioperative period. Deaths (n=8) occurred between 2.0 and 47.3 months following LT. All deaths were reported in DDLT. When compared with LT using grafts without HBV, LT using HBV infected grafts did not show any significant difference in patient survival (30.8% vs. 18.6%, p=0.247) (Figure 2). The most common causes of death were infection (n=4) and HCC recurrence (n=3). All recurred HCC patients died of cancer. HBV reactivation was identified in 1 patient but resolved spontaneously without additional management. All 10 LDLT recipients survived and were in good condition during follow-up. Survivors were in inactive or resolved status for HBV infection under the HBIG and NA. No graft failure was observed. Fourteen patients followed-up more than 5 years were stable and no increase in HCC recurrence rate was observed 5 years after transplantation. Conclusion: Considering their long-term outcomes, liver grafts with active and chronic HBV infection can be safely used for LT in HBV endemic area.

SAT281 - Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from donors with active and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: multi-center cohort study

SAT281 - Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from donors with active and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection: multi-center cohort study

Cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using anti-HBc-positive grafts with hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis in Korea

Cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using anti-HBc-positive grafts with hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis in Korea

Liver transplantation in glycogen storage disease: a single-center experience

BackgroundGlycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are inherited glycogen metabolic disorders which have various subtypes. GSDs of type I, III, IV, VI, and IX show liver involvement and are considered as hepatic types of GSDs. Thus, liver transplantation (LT) has been proposed as a final therapy for these types of GSD. LT corrects the primary hepatic enzyme defect; however, the long-term outcomes of LT in these patients have not been extensively evaluated so far. There are few reports in the English literature about the outcome of GSD patients after LT. There has been no report from Iran. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of eight patients with GSD types I, III, and IV who underwent LT in the affiliated hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from March 2013 to June 2021. During this period, there were no patients with GSD VI and IX identified in this center.ResultsThe median time of diagnosis of the GSDs and at transplant was 1 year and 11 years, respectively. All eight transplanted patients were alive at the time of follow-up in this study. None of them required a re-transplant. All of the patients showed normalized liver enzymes after LT with no sign of hypoglycemia.ConclusionsLT is an achievable treatment for end-stage hepatic involvement of GSDs with a cure for metabolic deficiency. Our experience in these eight patients shows a favorable outcome with no mortality and no major complication.

Long-term Outcomes of Liver Transplantation (LT) Using Grafts from Donors with Active and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Background: Liver grafts from donors with hepatitis B infection have been expanded the donor pool under the Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and antiviral agents in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area. We report the long-term outcome of liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from donors with chronic HBV infection.